Don't forget to use the study tools in your textbook and at your textbook web site, too!
Review your notes, especially for material not in the book, but on the class web site or part of class discussions.
Studying as part of a small group helps, even if it's just 2 persons.
Chapter 5 Stress
- What are some of the effects of stress in the workplace?
- What are some of the ailments associated with stress?
- What economic group experiences stress more often?
- Name some external and internal sources of stress
- Is most stress caused by multiple smaller events or a single major event
- Are there any benefits of stress? What are they?
- Describe the 3 types of stress according to Hans Selye
- Characterize the difference between chronic vs. acute stress; give some examples
- Major life events can be listed in order of level of anticipated stress; what are some of the highest on the list? Holmes & Rahe assignment)
- Who is more prone to stress: men or women? Young students or retired seniors?
- Personality differences: what type of personality have more stressl-prone traits?
- Do persons experiencing or perceiving possible prejudice experience an addiitonal level of stress?
- Can stress be an unconscious response?
- Do persons experiencing high stress tend to be more or less rigid in their responses?
- Can a person experiencing stress be excited or exhilarated?
- What are some of the behavioral effects of stress?
- How do women respond to stress in comparison to men? Who feels stress more often? Men or women?
- Who exhibits "problem-focused" coping?
- What is "hardiness (3 characteristics)? Resilience (5 characteristics)? What are 2 features of commitment?
- 3 methods of reducing stress by managing the environment
- Know thew 5 types of compromise (book mentions 4; I added a 5th in class)
- What might be down-side of conformity?
- Managing stress by altering your lifestyle ( methods)
- Is it useful to experience stress in one's young life. Why? For what purpose?
Chapter 6 Toward Better Health
- What is unembodiment in reference to body image?
- How conscious (aware) are most of us of our body in our waking hours?
- How does the media present "ideal" body images? How does that effect most of us?
- What types of body images cause some distress in men?
- What are current ideals for men/women?
- How accurate are women in terms of what they think men find attractive in the female form?
- What is "systems " theory as applied to mental/physical health
- What does the immune system do?
- Is the link between the mind and body fully understood?
- Can stress cause cancer; or does it weaken the immune system leading to susceptibility to various diseases?
- Can a bad marriage lead to illness?
- What personality traits are found to be beneficial to physical health?
- Persons who are strong in "self-efficacy" evidence what characteristics?
- Name the 3 most common hazardous behaviors that damage health?
- Successful formula for weight loss/stability
- What % of american have a healthy BMI?
- You hear about the "Magic All-Lettuce" diet. What should be your response to the value of this strict program?
- % of peole who still smoke? How many?
- Alcohol and tobacco? A healthy combo?
- How do you keep yourself "primed" with nicotine during a normal day?
- Possible smoking cessation methods?
- Is alcoholism hereditary in nature?
- What % of hospital beds on a given day have a person with an alcohol-related illness?
- What's a psychoactive drug? (discussed in class)
- What are 3 environmental problems possibly leading to illness?
- What's a hypochondriac?
- What function does "downward comparison" serve with illness?
- What are some of the roadblocks to good coping with possible health problems?
- What are, in fact, 3 key factors in influencing treatment success that are universal?
- Ways to improve patient response with treatment providers?
- Know the 10 key factors in ongoing wellness?
- What's a down side of being a so-called "good" patient?
- What are implications of the statement that "...the largest amount of American are killing themselves with a knife and fork"?
- Possible functions of dreaming
- What are "carbs"
- What percent of adult Americans are "active"?
- Is it more important to exercise intensely or regularly?
Chapter 7 Affirmative Aging-Adulthood
- What are the 2 components of human development?
- When does it end?
- What traits of personality tend to change as one ages?
- What are some age-related changes; what are some non-age-related changes?
- When your author says "it's the symbolic aspect of leaving home" that matters, what does she mean?
- How often do children return home after leaving for a period of time?
- What are some "nester" issues/problems?
- In the search for a "career", what two forces must be balanced?
- Change in goals of young career seekers from 50 years ago. Describe.
- What are characteristics of "delays" by young people at this point of early adulthood?
- Relationship of previous "identity" issues with relationships with others
- Who holds the power in a relationship where one is more "committed" than the other?
- Give some characteristics of today's family formation as compared to the past
- Which generation do middle-agers consider (or wish) themselves to be a part of? (sorry for poor syntax)
- Life is 1/2 over realization. How much time do I have left?
- Erikson: a period of generativity
- What is the "unrealized" self?
- What is "yenvy"
- Health consequences of multiple outside interests?
- Turning point for (some adult cognitive capabilities. What is it (approximately)
- Decline in which cognitive components; which may be as good or better?
- Describe male and female climacteric periods
- Do middle-agers appreciate their partners more than young marrieds?
- What are some "euphemisms" for aging?
- What is the tendency to stereotype older persons called?
- What is infantilism?
- Are all the problems of ageing due to physical decline? If no, what are the causes?
- Do you have more fluid intelligence than a senior citizen?
- How about crystallized" intelligence/
- What form of memory is particularly problematic for many seniors/
- What is ILC (Internal Locus of Control"? Give an example of a senior lifestyle with a good ILC?
- Who are more frequently living alone as seniors? Men or women?
- Who copes better? Why
- Where do seniors live commonly?
- Types of retirement? Which is better?
- Difference between "perceived" vs. "actual" income. Implication of difference for senior well-being
- What is "integrity?
- Despair vs. integrity are two poles of Erikson's stage for seniors.
- Role of reminiscing with life's "final chapter" (yes...another euphemism :( for time preceding death)
Chapter 8 Social Psychology
- Social context is the big picture: what is it made of?
- Social cognition, by selective encoding and perception, leads to one's social reality and attitudes Examples?
- Can two people look at the same activity, and see two quite different events? Why? Bias?
- Behavior is driven by internal (dispositional) or external (situational) forces
- How do you decide what causes certain behaviors under conditions of uncertainty?
- Covariation: is causal factor there when behavior occurred....or not?
- Three factors to consider of behavior observed
- Distinctiveness (a specific occasion only?)
- Consistency (happened in past?), and
- Consensus (others?)
- What is the fundamental attribution error? (FAE); what are basic tendencies when gauging causality?
- Cultural aspects of FAE
- Do people make the FAE at their own expense? What is the opposite tendency called?
- What might be impact of FAE when friends involved as partners?
- What happens with a self-fulfilling prophecy? What role does the originator play? What about the subject(s)? An example?
- The Power of the Situation
- Norms, rules and roles: give some examples of each
- Implicit vs explicit rules
- Social norms = should do
- What is informational vs. normative influence?
- Stanford Prison Experiment: Lessons learned?
- Asch experiment basics
- Norm crystallization
- The autokinetic effect: what happens?
- Norm perpetuation and transmission
- Minority opinion aspects
- Group Thinking
- Polarization by the group
- Information influence
- Social comparison-representing an extreme position; effects?
- What is "group think"?
- Obedience to Authority
- Milgram's Experiment
- Level of conformity?
- Variation in results of Milgram's experiments (Fig. 8.4)
- What exactly is an attitude? 3 components of attitudes (think C,A,B)
- Accessibility concept: how applied to attitudes predicting behavior?
- Direct vs. limited experience
- Specific vs. non-specific? What are "exemplars"?
- Persuasion: Elaboration Likelihood Model
- central and peripheral routes to effectively persuade (hi vs. lo elaboration)
- Factors influencing use of direct vs. peripheral routes:
- Timing
- Match between type of attitude and type of "argument"
- Dissonance theory
- when does dissonance occur?
- What do you do if dissonance is significant? (self-persuasion or rationalization)
- Your attitudes change your behavior, but can your behavior change your attitudes? When might this "truism" be useful in your life?
- Some basics of self-perception theory: what is going on?
- Three types of "compliance"?
- Prejudice is learned or genetic?
- What are your "in-groups"? "outgroups"?
- Can you favor your "in-group", but not be prejudiced toward others?
- Do the brains of persons with high tendency toward prejudice differ from those with a low tendency toward prejudice?
- Racism as an outgrowth of prejudice
- What is modern racism and modern sexism?
- Are some aspects of stereotyping unconscious?
- Reversing prejudice
- Contact hypothesis
- Elements of the Robbers Cave study
- Altruism/Prosocial Behavior
- Roots
- Facilitators of altruism: kinship, etc.
- Reciprocal altruism
- Role of distress when favors offered
- Indirect altruism
- Prosocial Behavior
- Motives (4)
- Empathy-altruism factor
- Genovese Effect
- Who was Kitty Genovese?
- Role of bystanders
- Diffusion of responsibility
- Need to:
- Notice
- Label as emergency
- Feel responsible
- Aggression
- Physical vs. social aggression differences; genetic bases
- Role of serotonin and cortisol
- Impulse vs. instrumental aggression differences
- Personality traits linked to aggression: which ones?
- Role of the Situation: blocked in reaching goals
- Escalation w/direct provocation
- Cultural connectivity or no?
- Exposure to violence a factor
- Family history
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